Pembahasan tentang mata rantai yang tidak terputus dari Kejadian hingga Wahyu tentang Sejarah Soteriologi (Jalan Keselamatan) di Alkitab
Ringkasan Kronologi:
Penetapan Mesias Universal -> Perbedaan Penciptaan Adam dan Hewan -> Dosa Adam Membawa Maut -> Shekinah Meninggalkan Bumi -> Mengapa Kitab Taurat Diturunkan? -> Allah akan Meniadakan Maut -> Kegagalan Memenuhi Hukum Kekudusan di Taurat -> Kristologi Kristen -> Penebusan: Peniadaan Hukuman Maut -> Pemberian Roh Kudus: Shekinah berada di bumi -> Hari Kebangkitan -> Penciptaan Ulang: Langit dan Bumi Baru
1. Penetapan Mesias Universal sebelum dunia dijadikan
Mesias Universal yang digambarkan dalam penafsiran rabinik, terutama tentang Mesias Universal yang telah ditetapkan Allah sebelum dunia dijadikan karena Allah tahu bahwa Adam akan melanggar perintah-Nya yang menjadikan alam semesta ini kehilangan kekekalan.Sebelum alam semesta diciptakan, Nama Mesias ditetapkan.
Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 3.3
Seven things were created before the world was created. They are: The Torah, Gehinnom, the Garden of Eden, the Throne of Glory, the Temple, Repentance, and the Name of the Messiah.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Pirkei_DeRabbi_Eliezer.3.3?ven=Pirke_de_Rabbi_Eliezer,_trans._Rabbi_Gerald_Friedlander,_London,_1916&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Orchot Tzadikim 26.6
And inasmuch as He had created all of these, it was necessary to create the Temple and the name of the Messiah before creating man. For in the days of the Messiah, the earth will be filled with knowledge and there will be no evil desire among men. And all people, great and small, will know the name of God, may He be exalted, with a great knowledge and then they will know, all of them, that the principal reason for the creation of the world was service to the Creator, may He be exalted. Therefore, He first created all of these seven before He created the world. "And saviours shall come up on mount Zion (Obad. 1:21) and "a redeemer will come to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob" (Is. 59:20). Amen. And thus may it be His will.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Orchot_Tzadikim.26:6?ven=Orchot_Tzaddikim,_trans._Seymour_J._Cohen,_Ktav_Pub_House,_1982&lang=bi
2a. Perbandingan Penciptaan Hewan dan Adam
Seluruh potensi alam semesta (ciptaan) sudah diciptakan di hari pertamaRashi on Genesis 1.14
… Indeed, all the productions of heaven and earth were created on the first day, but each of them was put in its place on that day when it was so commanded. In reference to this it is written את השמים (v. 1) In the beginning God created that which was את with the heavens etc., in order to include all the productions of heaven, ואת הארץ to include all its (the earth’s) productions (Genesis Rabbah 12:4).
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Genesis.1.14.1?lang=bi
Jiwa Adam sudah ada sejak Kejadian 1:24
Bereishit Rabbah 8.1
… This is [also] the opinion of Rabbi Eleazar, as Rabbi Eleazar said: "'Let the earth bring forth nefesh chayah [living soul] after its kind [cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after its kind.' And it was so.]" (Gen. 1:24) - this is the spirit of First Human [Adam HaRishon]. …
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Bereishit_Rabbah.8.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Berfirmanlah Allah: "Hendaklah bumi mengeluarkan segala jenis makhluk (5315 nepes) yang hidup, ternak dan binatang melata dan segala jenis binatang liar." Dan jadilah demikian.
Kejadian 2:7 - Penciptaan Adam
ketika itulah TUHAN Allah membentuk (3335 וַיִּיצֶר֩ wayyiser, dengan dua huruf yod) manusia itu dari debu tanah dan menghembuskan nafas hidup ke dalam hidungnya; demikianlah manusia itu menjadi makhluk yang hidup. Dua Huruf "Yods"
Rashi
formed. [וַיִּיצֶר, with two “yuds,” hints at] two creations, a creation for this world and a creation for the [time of the] resurrection of the dead, but in connection with the animals, which do not stand in judgment, two“yuds” are not written in [the word וַיִּצֶר describing their creation. — [from Tan. Tazria 1]
Referensi:
https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/8166/showrashi/true
Kejadian 2:19 - Penciptaan Hewan
Lalu TUHAN Allah membentuk (3335 וַיִּצֶר֩ wayyiser, dengan satu huruf yod) dari tanah segala binatang hutan dan segala burung di udara. Dibawa-Nyalah semuanya kepada manusia itu untuk melihat, bagaimana ia menamainya; dan seperti nama yang diberikan manusia itu kepada tiap-tiap makhluk yang hidup, demikianlah nanti nama makhluk itu.
Lima Level Jiwa dalam Judaism
Baal HaSulam's Introduction to Zohar 32
Third part, is the effort in Torah and Mitzvot for “its sake”. Meaning, [performing the Torah and Mitzvot] with the intent of becoming a giver (a more caring person) and not to receive any reward. This labor purifies the desire to receive for oneself, and transforms it into a desire to give. The more someone nullifies the desire to receive, the more one becomes worthy and able to experience the five levels of the Soul, known as Nefesh, Ruach, Neshama, Chaya, Yechida. For these [levels] are only in the desire to give, and cannot be grasped as long as the desire to receive rules over the person. Such an individual [who is ruled by the desire to receive] is in opposite of form or in difference of form, (opposite, or different desires) than the soul, and cannot connect with the Divine; for awareness [of the Divine] and similarity of form go hand-in-hand. However, when one becomes only a desire to give, without any desire to receive, they immediately unite with the Divine, and receive the five levels of the soul, in gradation (first Nefesh, then Ruach etc. ).
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Baal_HaSulam's_Introduction_to_Zohar.32.1?ven=english|Trans._Baruch_Cohen,_2019&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
2b. Dosa Adam membawa maut
Alam semesta diciptakan dalam design kekekalan. Dosa Adam membawa manusia (dan semesta) kehilangan kekekalan dan mengalami maut, kehancuran di akhir zaman (berujung pada penciptaan ulang langit dan bumi yang baru)Kejadian 2:17
tetapi pohon pengetahuan tentang yang baik dan yang jahat itu, janganlah kaumakan buahnya, sebab pada hari engkau memakannya, pastilah engkau mati."
Kejadian 3
Hosea 4:6
Umat-Ku binasa karena tidak mengenal Allah; karena engkaulah yang menolak pengenalan itu maka Aku menolak engkau menjadi imam-Ku; dan karena engkau melupakan pengajaran Allahmu, maka Aku juga akan melupakan anak-anakmu.
Hosea 6:7
Tetapi mereka itu telah melangkahi perjanjian di Adam, di sana mereka telah berkhianat terhadap Aku.
Bereishit Rabbah 2.1-2
Rabbi Berachya said "While the earth was in unripened youth, she produced thorns; and so the prophet would prophesy of her: "I beheld the earth, and see, it was formless and void ( tohu vavohu)." (Jeremiah 4:23). ... Thus, the earth saw that she was going to be punished under the hands of man, as it is written "Cursed be the earth for your sake" (Genesis 3:17). Therefore the earth was formless and void ( tohu vavohu)."
https://www.sefaria.org/Bereshit_Rabbah.2.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Jika Adam tidak melanggar, Adam tetap akan memiliki kehidupan yang kekal.
Ramban on Genesis 2:17:1
You shall not eat from it. That is, from its fruit, for the tree itself was not edible. For on the day you eat from it you will certainly die. That is, you will have incurred the death penalty, not that you will die immediately. A similar usage appears in I Melachim 2:42. According to the Sages, however, if Adam had not sinned he would have indeed been immortal, for the soul is capable of sustaining the body forever and this is what the Creator originally intended.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Ramban_on_Genesis.2.17.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Design Kekekalan yang dirusak.
Ramban on Genesis 3.22.1
for either he would not die at all or his day of death would not come at the time it was decreed for him and his descendants to die.397See above, 2:17, where Ramban explained two theories. The teaching of the Rabbis is that man was originally designed to live forever. By having sinned, death was decreed upon him; by eating of the tree of life, he would thus restore himself to his original position of immortality. The opinion of the philosophers, however, is that man was originally destined to die; by having sinned, it was decreed that he die before the time designated at first. By eating of the tree of life he would thus live a long time and not die at the time decreed for him as punishment for his sin. This is the deeper meaning of Ramban’s words here in the text, “for either he would not die at all, etc.”
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Ramban_on_Genesis.3.22.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Maut sebagai Hukuman pelanggaran Adam.
Bereishit Rabbah 22.1
And Adam knew Chava his woman etc. (Gen. 4:1) - "Remember Your mercies, Ad-nai, and Your lovingkindnesses, because they are for ever" (Ps. 25:6): not from being judged, rather, from the outset. Said Rabbi Yehoshua bar Nechemiah with them You dealt with the First Human, since You said this to him: "because in the day that you eat from it, you will certainly die" (Gen. 2:17) - and had You not given him one of Your days, which is a thousand years, how would he have survived and even have descendants?
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Bereishit_Rabbah.22.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Pelanggaran Adam menghasilkan ke-fana-an (kehilangan kekekalan).
Bereishit Rabbah 12.6
... seven things were taken away from Adam Harishon after he ate from the tree of knowing, including among them] his brilliance, his life, and his stature / zivo v’chayyav v’qomato...
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Bereishit_Rabbah.12.6?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Pelanggaran Adam menghasilkan ke-fana-an (kehilangan kekekalan).
Or HaChaim on Leviticus 1:2:6-7
... Whereas the penalty for Adam's sin had been death, i.e. mortality, and the fact that he offered a sin-offering did not absolve him of his guilt, ...
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Or_HaChaim_on_Leviticus.1.2.6?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Pelanggaran Adam menghasilkan ke-fana-an (kehilangan kekekalan).
Or HaChaim on Genesis 3:14:1
The Lord G'd said to the serpent. The serpent had caused three kinds of harm by its words. 1) It caused the withdrawal of the glory of G'd's light which had hovered over Adam and Eve as we explained previously. This is the real meaning of the כתנות אור, the garments of light. [this spelling is reported to have been found in the Torah scroll of Rabbi Meir. Ed.]. 2) It resulted in Adam and Eve both becoming mortal, losing their immortality in this world. This was the punishment G'd had threatened would result from eating of the tree of knowledge. 3) The serpent caused even man's limited life on this earth to be of an inferior quality, outside the confines of גן עדן.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Or_HaChaim_on_Genesis.3.14.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Perbandingan sebelum jatuh ke dalam dosa dan setelah jatuh ke dalam dosa.
Nefesh HaChayim, Gate I 6:6
And this was before the sin. He was comprised only of all the worlds and powers of holiness alone, and not from the powers of evil. However, after the sin, the powers ofimpurity and evil were also integrated and mixed into him. And as a result, they were also mixed by this into the worlds, based on the fact that he is comprised of and integrates them all, and they are aroused and change according to the inclination of his actions; this is the matter of the Tree of the Knowing Good and Evil.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Nefesh_HaChayim%2C_Gate_I.6.6?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Kejatuhan Adam berdampak bagi semua keturunannya.
Mekhilta d'Rabbi Yishmael 20.16.2
(Devarim 5:26) "Would that this heart of theirs (were in them to fear Me and to keep all of My mitzvoth all of the days so that it be good for them and for their children forever.") If it were possible to remove the angel of death from them, I would do so — but the decree has already gone forth. R. Yossi says: On this condition did they stand on Mount Sinai, that the angel of death not prevail over them, as it is written (Psalms 82:6) "I said (when I gave you the Torah): You are angels and all heavenly creatures. But, as Adam you will die, (having perfected your ways as he did), and as one of the (first) princes will you fall.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Mekhilta_d'Rabbi_Yishmael.20.16.2?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Avodah Zarah 5a:15
The Gemara answers: Reish Lakish said his statement in accordance with the opinion of that tanna. As it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yosei says: The Jewish people accepted the Torah only in order that the Angel of Death would not rule over them, as it is stated: “I said: You are godlike beings, and all of you sons of the Most High” (Psalms 82:6), i.e., they had become immortal like angels. Then, God states: After you ruined your deeds, “yet you shall die like a man, and fall like one of the princes” (Psalms 82:7).
https://www.sefaria.org/Avodah_Zarah.5a.15?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Sejak lahir dikuasai Dosa dan dikuasai si Jahat.
Sanhedrin 91b:7
And Antoninos said to Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi: From when does the evil inclination dominate a person? Is it from the moment of the formation of the embryo or from the moment of emergence from the womb? Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to him: It is from the moment of the formation of the embryo. Antoninos said to him: If so, the evil inclination would cause the fetus to kick his mother’s innards and emerge from the womb. Rather, the evil inclination dominates a person from the moment of emergence from the womb. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said: Antoninos taught me this matter, and there is a verse that supports him, as it is stated: “Sin crouches at the entrance” (Genesis 4:7), indicating that it is from the moment of birth, when the newborn emerges from the entrance of his mother’s womb, that the evil inclination lurks.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.91b.7?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
2c. Gambar Allah yang Rusak
Pergeseran dari manusia segambar dan serupa Allah menjadi hanya sebagai gambar manusia yang telah jatuh ke dalam dosa.Kejadian 5:1-3
1 Inilah daftar keturunan Adam. Pada waktu manusia itu diciptakan oleh Allah, dibuat-Nyalah dia menurut rupa Allah; 2 laki-laki dan perempuan diciptakan-Nya mereka. Ia memberkati mereka dan memberikan nama "Manusia" kepada mereka, pada waktu mereka diciptakan.
3 Setelah Adam hidup seratus tiga puluh tahun, ia memperanakkan seorang laki-laki menurut rupa dan gambarnya, lalu memberi nama Set kepadanya.
3. Shekinah meninggalkan dunia
Dosa Adam membuat keturunan Adam kehilangan pengenalan akan Allah yang membuat Shekinah berangsur-angsur pergi meninggalkan bumi.Shekinah berada di bumi dan meninggalkan bumi dan turun kembali ke bumi.
Bereishit Rabbah 19:7
"And they heard the sound of Hashem Elokim moving about in the garden in the windy part of the day." (Genesis, 3:8)... Rabbi Abba Bar Kahana said: It doesn't use the word מהלך here, but rather מתהלך, which implies jumping and rising. The Shechina was originally in the lower worlds, but when Adam sinned, it left to the first heaven. When Cain sinned, it left to the second, in the generation of Enosh to the third, in the generation of the flood to the fourth, in the generation of the tower of Babel to the fifth, in the generation of Sedom to the 6th, in the generation of the Egyptians to the 7th.
7 righteous men arose corresponding to them: Avraham, Yitzchak, Ya'akov, Levi, Kehos, Amram and Moshe. Avraham brought it down to the 6th, Yiztchak brought it down from the 6th to the 5th, Ya'akov brought it down to the 5th to the 4th, Levi brought it down from the 4th to the 3rd, Kehos brought it down from the 3rd to the 2nd, Amram brought it down from the 2nd to the 1st, and Moshe brought it down from above to below. Rabbi Yitzchak said: It is written "The righteous will inherit the land [and rest forever on it]." (Psalms, 37:29) Are the wicked floating in the air? Rather, [the intent of the verse is that] the wicked do not cause the Shechina to dwell on the land.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Bereishit_Rabbah.19.7?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
4. Mengapa Kitab Taurat diberikan kepada Musa?
Turunnya Kitab Taurat sebagai cara Allah agar manusia kembali mengenal diriNya dan 613 Mitzvot sebagai cara Allah agar manusia Kudus, seperti Allah itu Kudus.Shekinah berada di bumi dan meninggalkan bumi dan turun kembali ke bumi.
Bereishit Rabbah 19:7
"And they heard the sound of Hashem Elokim moving about in the garden in the windy part of the day." (Genesis, 3:8)... Rabbi Abba Bar Kahana said: It doesn't use the word מהלך here, but rather מתהלך, which implies jumping and rising. The Shechina was originally in the lower worlds, but when Adam sinned, it left to the first heaven. When Cain sinned, it left to the second, in the generation of Enosh to the third, in the generation of the flood to the fourth, in the generation of the tower of Babel to the fifth, in the generation of Sedom to the 6th, in the generation of the Egyptians to the 7th.
7 righteous men arose corresponding to them: Avraham, Yitzchak, Ya'akov, Levi, Kehos, Amram and Moshe. Avraham brought it down to the 6th, Yiztchak brought it down from the 6th to the 5th, Ya'akov brought it down to the 5th to the 4th, Levi brought it down from the 4th to the 3rd, Kehos brought it down from the 3rd to the 2nd, Amram brought it down from the 2nd to the 1st, and Moshe brought it down from above to below. Rabbi Yitzchak said: It is written "The righteous will inherit the land [and rest forever on it]." (Psalms, 37:29) Are the wicked floating in the air? Rather, [the intent of the verse is that] the wicked do not cause the Shechina to dwell on the land.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Bereishit_Rabbah.19.7?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Kitab Taurat sebagai "Obat - Penangkal"
Kiddushin 30b:3-7
The Sages taught: “And you shall place [vesamtem] these words of Mine in your hearts” (Deuteronomy 11:18). Read this as though it stated sam tam, a perfect elixir. The Torah is compared to an elixir of life. There is a parable that illustrates this:
A person hit his son with a strong blow and placed a bandage on his wound. And he said to him: My son, as long as this bandage is on your wound and is healing you, eat what you enjoy and drink what you enjoy, and bathe in either hot water or cold water, and you do not need to be afraid, as it will heal your wound. But if you take it off, the wound will become gangrenous.
So too the Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Israel: My children, I created an evil inclination, which is the wound, and I created Torah as its antidote. If you are engaged in Torah study you will not be given over into the hand of the evil inclination, as it is stated: “If you do well, shall it not be lifted up?” (Genesis 4:7). One who engages in Torah study lifts himself above the evil inclination.
And if you do not engage in Torah study, you are given over to its power, as it is stated: “Sin crouches at the door” (Genesis 4:7). Moreover, all of the evil inclination’s deliberations will be concerning you, as it is stated in the same verse: “And to you is its desire.” And if you wish you shall rule over it, as it is stated in the conclusion of the verse: “But you may rule over it” (Genesis 4:7).
The Sages taught: So difficult is the evil inclination that even its Creator calls it evil, as it is stated: “For the inclination of a man’s heart is evil from his youth” (Genesis 8:21). Rav Yitzḥak says: A person’s evil inclination renews itself to him every day, as it is stated: “And that every inclination of the thoughts in his heart was only evil all day [kol hayyom]” (Genesis 6:5). “Kol hayyom” can also be understood as: Every day.
And Rabbi Shimon ben Levi says: A person’s inclination overpowers him every day, and seeks to kill him, as it is stated: “The wicked watches the righteous and seeks to slay him” (Psalms 37:32). And if not for the fact that the Holy One, Blessed be He, assists each person in battling his evil inclination, he could not overcome it, as it is stated: “The Lord will not leave him in his hand” (Psalms 37:33).
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Kiddushin.30b.3?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
5. Allah akan meniadakan maut
Nubuat para nabi tentang Mesias yang akan meniadakan Maut.Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 17:3Yesaya 25:8
The Holy One, blessed be He, said: Because of the evil inclination one’s years are shortened in this world, but in the world-to-come He will swallow up death forever; and the Lord God will wipe away tears from all faces (Isa. 25:8).Referensi:
Rabbeinu Bahya Bereshit 2.4.4
https://www.sefaria.org/Midrash_Tanchuma%2C_Mishpatim.1?lang=bi
Other comments in the Midrash there concentrate on the spelling of the word תולדות. First, the very word תולדות teaches that whereas previous plans by G-d had been shelved, the present world had been found worthwhile to translate into practice. There are only two instances where the word תולדות is spelled with both letters ו such as here The second instance is in Ruth 4,18 when the descendant of David, Peretz, the ancestor of the Messiah of davidic ancestry is mentioned. When that happens, G-d will banish death from earth. The spelling that we encounter in both these instances is that at the beginning of the word the letters ת-ו are in the reverse order of their appearance at the end of the same word, i.e. ו-ת. At the time G-d created the present world the angel of death had not been assigned any authority. After man sinned, the angel of death was given wide-ranging powers so that as of that moment all future “products,” תולדות, were spelled defective. With the birth of Peretz the son of Yehudah, the ancestor of the Messiah, a person had been born who would (through his descendant the Messiah) banish death once more from earth. This is hinted at by the spelling of the word תולדות in connection with mention of his eventual offspring The source for our tradition that death will be banished from earth at that time is Isaiah 25,8 בלע המות לנצח, “He will banish death forever.”
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Rabbeinu_Bahya%2C_Bereshit.2.4.4?ven=english|Torah_Commentary_by_Rabbi_Bachya_ben_Asher,_trans._Eliyahu_Munk,_1998.&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Ia akan meniadakan maut untuk seterusnya; dan Tuhan ALLAH akan menghapuskan air mata dari pada segala muka; dan aib umat-Nya akan dijauhkan-Nya dari seluruh bumi, sebab TUHAN telah mengatakannya.
Yesaya 28:18
Perjanjianmu dengan maut itu akan ditiadakan, dan persetujuanmu dengan dunia orang mati itu tidak akan tetap berlaku; apabila cemeti berdesik-desik dengan kerasnya, kamu akan hancur diinjak-injak.
6. Gagal memenuhi Hukum Kekudusan
Pemahaman bahwa "berada dibawah Hukum Taurat justru membuat manusia semakin berdosa (menjadi tidak kudus)," karena manusia gagal memenuhi Hukum Taurat secara sempurna."Imamat 11:44a
Sebab Akulah TUHAN, Allahmu, maka haruslah kamu menguduskan dirimu dan haruslah kamu kudus, sebab Aku ini kudus, ...
Ulangan 33:4
Musa telah memerintahkan hukum Taurat kepada kita, suatu milik bagi jemaah Yakub.
Ulangan 27:26
Terkutuklah orang yang tidak menepati perkataan hukum Taurat ini dengan perbuatan. Dan seluruh bangsa itu haruslah berkata: Amin!"
Galatia 3:10
"Karena semua orang, yang hidup dari pekerjaan hukum Taurat, berada di bawah kutuk. Sebab ada tertulis: "Terkutuklah orang yang tidak setia melakukan segala sesuatu yang tertulis dalam kitab hukum Taurat untuk melakukannya."
Roma 3:20
"Sebab tidak seorang pun yang dapat dibenarkan di hadapan Allah oleh karena melakukan hukum Taurat, karena justru oleh hukum Taurat orang mengenal dosa."
Yakobus 2:10
"Sebab barangsiapa menuruti seluruh hukum itu, tetapi mengabaikan satu bagian daripadanya, ia bersalah terhadap seluruhnya."
Roma 3:23
"Karena semua orang telah berbuat dosa dan telah kehilangan kemuliaan Allah."
7. Kristologi Kristen: Inkarnasi Firman Allah
Yesus Kristus sebagai Inkarnasi Firman Allah adalah Mesias yang dinantikan.Yohanes 1
Tentang ikarnasi Firman Allah.
Keilahian dan Keinsanian Yesus Kristus
Benson Commentary - Matius 1:18
We may observe here, it became Christ to be born thus by the supernatural agency of the Holy Spirit forming his human nature of the body of a virgin, as he formed Adam out of the dust of the earth, 1, that he might have no other father but God: 2, that the womb of the virgin being sanctified by the Spirit of holiness, there might be no traduction of original sin, ...
Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible - Matius 1:18 (bnd. Lukas 1:35)
when as, for his mother Mary was found with child, not of man, no, not of Joseph her husband; Christ had no real father as man, Joseph was only, as was supposed, his father; but of the Holy Ghost, according to Luke 1:35. "The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee", and this was done that the human nature of Christ might be clear of original pollution; that so being the immediate produce of the Holy Ghost and without sin, it might be fit for union with the Son of God, and for the office of Mediator he had undertook.
Referensi:
https://biblehub.com/commentaries/matthew/1-18.htm
8. Penebusan di Kayu Salib: Peniadaan Hukuman Maut
Menunjuk pada karya Allah di dalam kehadiran Kristus, Sang Inkarnasi Firman Allah dalam meniadakan Hukuman Maut yang diberlakukan sejak pelanggaran terhadap Kejadian 2:17, yaitu pada peristiwa Adam dan Hawa di Kejadian 3.Yohanes 3:16
Karena begitu besar kasih Allah akan dunia ini, sehingga Ia telah mengaruniakan Anak-Nya yang tunggal, supaya setiap orang yang percaya kepada-Nya tidak binasa, melainkan beroleh hidup yang kekal.
1 Petrus 1:9
karena kamu telah mencapai tujuan imanmu, yaitu keselamatan jiwamu.
Kematian Orang Benar Menebus
Moed Katan 28a.4
Rabbi Ami said: Why was the Torah portion that describes the death of Miriam juxtaposed to the portion dealing with the red heifer? To tell you: Just as the red heifer atones for sin, so too, the death of the righteous atones for sin. Rabbi Elazar said: Why was the Torah portion that describes the death of Aaron juxtaposed to the portion discussing the priestly garments? This teaches that just as the priestly garments atone for sin, so too, the death of the righteous atones for sin.
Referensi:
https://www.sefaria.org/Moed_Katan.28a.4?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Legends of the Jews 1.1.4
Finally, the Messiah was appointed to bring salvation, which would put an end to all sinfulness.
https://www.sefaria.org/Legends_of_the_Jews.1.1.4?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
9. Penghembusan Roh Kudus dan Pentakosta
Yesus menghembuskan Roh Kudus dan peristiwa Pentakosta sebagai cara Allah mengembalikan Shekinah itu kembali berada di bumi, di dalam diri orang percaya, memimpin hidup (nafs/jiwa) orang percaya.Yohanes 20:22
Dan sesudah berkata demikian, Ia mengembusi (1720 emphusaó) mereka dan berkata: "Terimalah Roh Kudus.
Kisah Rasul 2
Pentakosta
10. Hari Kebangkitan
Hari Kebangkitan bisa terjadi karena Maut telah dikalahkan dalam Penebusan Kristus.Daniel 12:2
Dan banyak dari antara orang-orang yang telah tidur di dalam debu tanah, akan bangun, sebagian untuk mendapat hidup yang kekal, sebagian untuk mengalami kehinaan dan kengerian yang kekal.
Mazmur 146:4
Apabila nyawanya (7307 ruach) melayang, ia kembali ke tanah (127 adamah); pada hari itu juga lenyaplah maksud-maksudnya.
Mazmur 90:3
Engkau mengembalikan manusia kepada debu, dan berkata: "Kembalilah, hai anak-anak manusia!"
Hosea 13:14
Akan Kubebaskankah mereka dari kuasa dunia orang mati, akan Kutebuskah mereka dari pada maut? Di manakah penyakit samparmu, hai maut, di manakah tenaga pembinasamu, hai dunia orang mati? Mata-Ku tertutup bagi belas kasihan.
1 Korintus 15:55
Hai maut di manakah kemenanganmu? Hai maut, di manakah sengatmu?"
11. Penciptaan Ulang: Langit Bumi Baru
Kehidupan manusia yang dikembalikan pada awal mula tujuan penciptaan, yaitu: tidak ada maut, Allah yang menjadi Raja melalui kehadiran Mesias Universal yang memimpin hidup manusia.Wahyu 21:1-4
1 Lalu aku melihat langit yang baru dan bumi yang baru, sebab langit yang pertama dan bumi yang pertama telah berlalu, dan lautpun tidak ada lagi. 2 Dan aku melihat kota yang kudus, Yerusalem yang baru, turun dari sorga, dari Allah, yang berhias bagaikan pengantin perempuan yang berdandan untuk suaminya. 3 Lalu aku mendengar suara yang nyaring dari takhta itu berkata: "Lihatlah, kemah Allah ada di tengah-tengah manusia dan Ia akan diam bersama-sama dengan mereka. Mereka akan menjadi umat-Nya dan Ia akan menjadi Allah mereka. 4 Dan Ia akan menghapus segala air mata dari mata mereka, dan maut tidak akan ada lagi; tidak akan ada lagi perkabungan, atau ratap tangis, atau dukacita, sebab segala sesuatu yang lama itu telah berlalu."
AAA
BUKU
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Referensi:
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